早春类短命植物生物量研究（Ⅳ）--荷青花生物量及其模型构建

基于荷青花在药用、观赏以及森林生态系统养分循环等方面存在的价值,利用全株收获法采样,经分选、烘干、称重和数据统计后,获得了荷青花生物量及分配特征,并以其易测生长指标为自变量构建了总生物量的一元和多元线性回归方程.结果表明:荷青花群丛在营养生长停止期,各生长指标及生物量分配在个体间有较大差异,但平均丛高和根冠比变化较小;地下部分所支持的丛幅冠、丛株数和花果数等存在一定的供给限制,且这种限制与地下生物量间存在着显著或极显著的正相关关系.虽然荷青花生物量随各生长指标的变化存在不同程度的差异,但根冠比的变化差异均不显著,这在一定程度上印证了荷青花存在权衡有限光合资源分配的能力.荷青花生物量模型以多元线性回归的拟合结果较好,但考虑自变量过多带来的系统误差,生物量预估模型可选用以丛株数和花果数为自变量的拟合方程.     

Overview of bat species reported in Albania with the first country records for eight species

The bat fauna of Albania, a country located in a Balkan glacial refugium and a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, has remained poorly studied although as many as 21 species and representatives of three species complexes had been reported before 2003. It was expected that several new species would be added to the country’s list of fauna, not only due to their occurrence in adjacent regions but to the splitting of already known taxa into sibling species and the discovery of new, cryptic species. Altogether, we recorded 32 bat species in Albania, including all of those previously reported (21) and 11 new species for the country, as a result of field work conducted in 2003–2012. Here, we report on eight bat species including Rhinolophus mehelyi, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Plecotus kolombatovici, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis brandtii that had not been reported previously in Albania while three species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus, Myotis mystacinus) had been reported before changes to their taxonomy and so could be treated only as representatives of a particular species complex (i.e. sensu lato). We greatly extended the known geographic ranges of five species in the south of Europe.     

机场航站楼金属屋面敞开式檩条风荷载分布

基于缩尺比模型的风洞试验不易直接测试细小构件上的风荷载,借助数值风洞技术,通过建立建筑及其屋面檩条的空间模型,精细划分局部网格,获得不同风向角下屋顶敞开式檩条构件的风荷载分布.结果表明,敞开式屋面檩条构件受斜风作用更为不利,同时水平向的切向力比垂直向吸力更为显著,是构件抗风计算中不可忽略的重要部分.屋顶檩条风荷载分布具有明显的规律性,在屋面的尖角区域最大,因为该区域屋面曲线弧度最大,气流在该位置产生了较强分离对流,从而形成了较强的垂直向风吸力和水平切向力;在屋面的外侧区域风荷载也较大,与建筑边缘区的气流分离直接相关;在屋面的内侧区域明显较小且分布较为均匀.通过增加将檩条底部封闭的气动措施可以有效地减小屋面外侧区域檩条极值风荷载20%以上,但对屋面内侧区域的檩条效果不明显,建议将初始檩条底部敞开设计方案优化为在建筑边缘区域檩条底部封闭.     

The haemoproteids of the Old World avian families Alaudidae (larks), Irenidae (leaf birds), and Motacillidae (wagtails and pipits)

The haemoproteids of the Old World passeriform families Alaudidae, Irenidae and Motacillidae are reviewed. Haemoproteus alaudae Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 of the Alaudidae and H. aegithinae de Mello, 1937 of the Irenidae are re-described and neohapantotypes designated. Haemoproteus anthi de Mello, 1937 from the Motacillidae is re-described and H. motacillae n. sp. is also described from this family.     

基于竞争失效模式的数控机床可靠性建模

数控机床是复杂的机电一体化系统，其故障不仅包括由于机械磨损造成的性能退化失效，还包括电子器件等引起的突发性失效，数控机床故障是退化失效和突发失效竞争的结果. 故本文假设突发失效和退化失效相互独立并且都服从Weibull分布，综合考虑突发失效和性能退化之间的相关性和竞争关系进行数控机床可靠性建模研究. 采用最小二乘估计法估计模型参数，运用D检验法进行参数拟和性检验；得出了一种基于竞争失效模式分析的可靠性评估模型. 最后，以15台某系列数控机床60个故障数据对该方法进行验证，说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于强互惠理论的漳河流域跨界水资源冲突水量协调方案设计

水量的分配方案在一定程度上影响因水量短缺引发的跨界水资源冲突的发展进程.从政府强互惠的角度入手，设计水量协调方案，寻求漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的协调途径是一个新的视角.基于这一思想，从政府的强互惠政策角度对漳河流域跨界水资源冲突系 统建模，从经济效益和社会效益两方面建立政府Agent和用水Agent 的目标函数，以强互惠表现的节水激励和水权交易为例，分别建立强互惠下的节水激励模型和水权交易模型，通过粒子 群优化算法求解，得出两种政策下漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的水量协调方案.水量的协调方案表明：政府强互惠的表现——节水激励和水权交易可以重新调整漳河流域的水量分配方案，以此来减少缺水量，协调漳河流域的跨界水资源冲突.     

A new species of the genus Saussurella Bolivar 1887 from China,with a key to the species of the genus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

Taxonomy of a tetrigid genus Saussurella Bolivar is reviewed. One new species, Saussurella brachycornis sp. nov. is described from China and an updated identification key to all known species of the genus is given, as well as brief comments on phylogenetic relationships and distributions of the genus.     

基于原子能量熵和CSM的配电线路故障分类方法

针对配电线路上的故障分类问题,提出了一种结合原子能量熵和连续字符串匹配(CSM)的故障分类方法.通过分析故障信号的暂态特征,利用原子分解法得到故障暂态信号的主导原子以及对故障信息进行补充的次级原子,计算原子能量熵作为故障特征量,较完备地描述了故障特征.应用CSM进行故障分类节省了智能算法故障辨识中参数选择和优化的时间,通过建立的编码规则,将故障特征进行编码,搜索故障编码库,最终确定故障类型.通过仿真研究,验证了该算法的可行性与有效性.     

影响螺纹副轴向力分布均匀性的关键因素分析

通过对螺纹连接结构承载分布问题的理论分析与数值模拟,探索影响螺纹副轴向力分布均匀性的关键因素.首先对螺纹副轴向承载分布进行理论分析,提出依据螺纹副截面上单位长度荷载F与螺纹牙相对变形u的关系曲线确定轴向力分布的解析方法.理论分析表明,当F-u关系曲线呈屈服形状时,螺纹副轴向承载力分布更加均匀.其次,对施必牢螺纹副进行分析,发现其F-u关系曲线呈现出屈服特征;从牙型设计、材料塑性和螺纹错动三方面进行分析,阐明施必牢螺纹副承载分布均匀性好的力学机制;最后,详细分析了螺纹副径向尺寸系数、摩擦因数和材料特性等因素对螺纹上轴向力分布的影响规律.     

Deep-living demersal fishes in the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean) below a depth of 1000 m

An extensive survey of the deep-living fishes of the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean) recorded 31 species in 19 families and 29 genera from 100 samples at depths between 960 and 2251 m. Chlorophthalmidae, Moridae and Macrouridae accounted for nearly 85% of all specimens taken. In biomass terms, Hexanchidae, Moridae, Alepocephalidae and Chlorophthalmidae were the most important families. A quantitative model of the bathymetric distribution of the species is presented. The ‘centre of gravity’ of species’ distribution and the habitat width, a measure of the distribution heterogeneity, are also given. Out of the 31 demersal species caught, the distributions of only 13 are centered below 1000 m. The Mediterranean deep-sea ichthyofauna is very impoverished in comparison with the adjacent Atlantic Basin fauna.